December 2nd, The Doctrine that Defined America’s Voice

Friends: 

On December 2, 1823, President James Monroe sent a message to Congress that would echo across centuries: the Monroe Doctrine. In a clear, confident statement, Monroe declared that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization and that any attempt by foreign powers to interfere with the affairs of newly independent American nations would be considered a hostile act by the United States. It was a remarkable moment for a young nation still finding its footing on the world stage. Today, the Monroe Doctrine remains a cornerstone of American foreign policy.

The doctrine emerged from a turbulent global backdrop. Throughout the early 1800s, former Spanish colonies in Latin America declared their independence; meanwhile, European monarchies hinted at helping Spain reclaim its former colonies, while Russia pressed its expansion down the Pacific coast. At the same time, Britain proposed a joint declaration discouraging European intervention. Guided by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Monroe chose a different path, issuing an independent American policy rooted in self-determination, national confidence, and regional stability. What began as a practical warning became one of the most enduring principles of U.S. foreign policy.

James Monroe's substantial diplomatic experience probably made him the most qualified President on foreign policy matters in American history. Monroe had served as Minister (Ambassador) to France during the French Revolution and later as Minister to Great Britain and Spain. In 1803, as Jefferson's Special Envoy to France, he and Robert Livingston successfully negotiated with Napoleon for the Louisiana Purchase. A strong believer in the right of national self-determination for all civilized nations, as President, Monroe was a supporter of Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Over two hundred years later, the wisdom behind Monroe’s message in the Monroe Doctrine still resonates. The world remains interconnected, complex, and often tense, with nations grappling over borders, alliances, information, and influence. Monroe’s call for vigilance against outside interference, respect for sovereign decision-making, and clarity of national purpose serves as a reminder that stability is earned through unity and thoughtful leadership. His doctrine encourages us to value transparent diplomacy, guard against external manipulation, and work to ensure that decisions shaping our future remain grounded in the interests of the communities we serve.

In a rapidly changing global landscape, Monroe’s words continue to underscore a timeless truth: nations and people are strongest when they stand firm in their principles, speak clearly about their values, and remain attentive to the world around them.

Keep an eye out for more Monroe history and our work to educate people on his legacy in the coming weeks and months.

Best, 

Peter Broadbent

Vice President, The James Monroe Memorial Foundation